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New researchThe sub-₹100 crore acquisition market, sized.Read the research →
Reference · questions people ask

The IBC, in the questions people actually ask.

Short answers, in the glossary’s own words, with a figure from the record where we have one and a link to the page that shows the data.

  1. What is CIRP?

    The Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process is the IBC’s core process: admission at the NCLT, a moratorium, a resolution professional in control, and a search for a revival plan within 180–330 days.

    CIRP in the glossary →
  2. How long does CIRP actually take?

    Longer than the statute says. The law sets 180 days, extendable to 330 including litigation. On the record, the median resolution took 587 days from commencement to plan approval where creditors were paid ₹100 crore or less, and 728 days above that.

    Research Desk: the sub-₹100 crore market →
  3. What is a resolution plan, and who approves it?

    A binding proposal by a resolution applicant to take over the company. It needs 66% of the Committee of Creditors’ vote and then the NCLT’s approval, after which it binds all stakeholders.

    Approved resolutions →
  4. What is a haircut?

    The share of admitted claims that creditors do not recover under a resolution plan. The median resolution that paid creditors ₹100 crore or less paid 20.7% of admitted claims.

    Recovery in the sub-₹100 crore market →
  5. What is liquidation value, and why does it matter?

    Liquidation value is what the assets would fetch in a forced sale; fair value is what they fetch between willing parties. Registered valuers set both at the start of CIRP, they stay confidential during bidding, and every resolution plan is measured against them.

    How we read the record →
  6. What is Form G?

    The resolution professional’s published invitation for expressions of interest from prospective resolution applicants — the formal doorway into a distressed acquisition.

    Live cases →
  7. Who can bid for an insolvent company?

    Any resolution applicant that clears Section 29A eligibility — an asset reconstruction company, a fund, a strategic rival, an individual, occasionally the employees.

    Resolution applicant in the glossary →
  8. Can the old promoter buy the company back?

    Generally not. Section 29A bars defaulting promoters and their connected persons from bidding, with a partial carve-out for MSMEs.

    Section 29A explained →
  9. What happens if no plan is approved?

    Liquidation. A liquidator sells the assets, as a going concern if possible, and pays out down the Section 53 waterfall.

    Companies in liquidation →
  10. What is EMD in a liquidation auction?

    The earnest money deposit a bidder puts up to take part in an auction. It is refundable, and forfeited if the winner walks away.

    Liquidation auctions →
  11. Can an admitted insolvency case be withdrawn?

    Yes, under Section 12A, if the promoter settles with creditors and 90% of the Committee of Creditors approves.

    Withdrawn cases →
  12. Where do I find live IBC cases to buy?

    Cases with a Form G out are listed under evaluation, with their stage and dates. Newly admitted companies show the pipeline before the invitation goes out.

    Cases under evaluation →

Figures computed live from the stressed.in resolution archive (pre-packs left out), read 9 Oct 2026. GlossaryMethodologyReport an error